Buffered I/O

Buffered I/O refers to the process of temporarily storing data in a buffer—a reserved section of memory—before it's read or written to the final destination, such as a file or device. This technique improves efficiency by reducing the number of direct interactions with slower hardware, allowing data to be processed in larger chunks. When reading, data is loaded into the buffer first, then accessed from there. When writing, data is gathered in the buffer until it reaches a certain size, then written out all at once. This minimizes delays and optimizes overall data transfer performance.