buffer systems

Buffer systems are solutions that help maintain a stable pH level by neutralizing added acids or bases. They typically contain a weak acid and its conjugate base (or vice versa). When a small amount of acid or base is introduced, the buffer reacts to minimize pH changes, keeping the environment steady. This stability is crucial in biological systems, like blood, where pH balance is vital for proper function. Essentially, buffers act as pH "micromanagers," ensuring conditions remain within a narrow, optimal range despite external influences.