Buffer Overflow

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data into a designated storage area (buffer) than it can hold. This excess data can spill into neighboring memory locations, potentially overwriting important information or executable code. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to manipulate the program’s behavior, often gaining unauthorized access or causing it to crash. Essentially, it’s like pouring too much liquid into a cup and spilling over, disrupting the surrounding area. Proper programming practices and security measures are essential to prevent buffer overflows and protect systems from exploitation.