Buchwald-Hartwig coupling

The Buchwald-Hartwig coupling is a chemical reaction used to connect an amine (a nitrogen-containing compound) with an aryl or heteroaryl halide (a molecule with a halogen attached to aromatic rings). Using a palladium catalyst and a special ligand, the reaction forms a new carbon-nitrogen bond, creating valuable compounds like pharmaceuticals and materials. It’s like a precise molecular “handshake” linking two different pieces to build more complex structures efficiently and selectively.