Bruce Tuckman (Tuckman's stages of group development)

Bruce Tuckman's model outlines four stages that groups typically go through as they work together effectively. First, "Forming" involves getting to know each other and understanding the task. Next, "Storming" may bring conflicts or disagreements as roles and expectations are clarified. Then, "Norming" occurs when team members establish patterns of cooperation and trust. Finally, in "Performing," the group works efficiently toward its goals. These stages aren’t necessarily linear; groups can move back and forth, but understanding them helps foster stronger teamwork and progress.