Brown Dwarfs

Brown dwarfs are celestial objects that are larger than planets but not quite massive enough to sustain nuclear fusion like stars. They have insufficient mass to fuse hydrogen in their cores, which is the process that powers stars. As a result, brown dwarfs are cooler and dimmer than stars, emitting primarily infrared light. They often form in star-forming regions alongside stars but occupy an intermediate state—too small to be true stars, yet larger than planets. Brown dwarfs help scientists understand the formation and evolution of both stars and planetary systems.