British-Afghan wars

The British-Afghan Wars were military conflicts from the 19th and 20th centuries, primarily between Britain and Afghanistan. They aimed to control or influence Afghanistan’s territory and prevent it from becoming a Russian or other foreign foothold. The first war (1839–1842) ended in British withdrawal after conflict and resistance. The second (1878–1880) led to Britain gaining control of foreign relations but leaving internal governance largely Afghan. The third (1919) resulted in Afghanistan gaining full independence. These wars highlighted the strategic importance of Afghanistan’s location, balancing regional powers, and resisting colonial dominance.