brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

A brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels where arteries connect directly to veins, bypassing the usual capillaries. This can disrupt normal blood flow and oxygen delivery in the brain. AVMs are present from birth and may cause symptoms like headaches, seizures, or neurological problems if they rupture or press on surrounding tissues. While some AVMs remain silent, others pose risks of bleeding, which can lead to serious neurological damage. Treatment options include surgeries, injections, or radiotherapy to reduce the risk of bleeding and manage symptoms.