Brahmagupta's Brahmasphutasiddhanta

Brahmagupta’s Brahmasphutasiddhanta, written in 628 CE, is a pioneering Indian mathematical treatise that introduced important concepts like zero as a number, negative numbers, and rules for arithmetic involving them. It also covers solutions to quadratic and indeterminate equations, and discusses methods for calculating areas and volumes. The work significantly advanced mathematics by formalizing zero's role and establishing systematic procedures for calculations, influencing both Indian and global mathematical development. Essentially, it laid the foundation for modern arithmetic and algebra, providing a logical framework that bridged earlier intuitive methods and more formal mathematical reasoning.