Bragg's Reflection

Bragg's reflection describes how X-rays bounce off the regular layers of atoms in a crystal. When X-rays hit these layers at specific angles, their waves interfere constructively—meaning they add up to produce a stronger signal—resulting in reflected beams. This occurs only at specific angles that depend on the spacing between the atomic layers and the wavelength of the X-rays. By analyzing these angles and the resulting patterns, scientists can determine the crystal’s internal structure. Bragg's reflection effectively turns crystals into "detectors" of X-ray diffraction, revealing detailed information about atomic arrangements.