Bragg's Law equation

Bragg's Law explains how X-rays are reflected by atoms in a crystal. When X-rays hit a crystal, they bounce off the layers of atoms inside it. If the angles of these incoming rays and the distance between layers are just right, the reflected rays will combine to make a stronger, clear signal. The law is written as nλ = 2d sinθ, where n is a number (usually 1), λ is the wavelength of the X-ray, d is the distance between atomic layers, and θ is the angle of incidence. This relationship helps determine the atomic structure of crystals by analyzing the reflected X-ray patterns.