Bottom-up fabrication

Bottom-up fabrication is a process of creating materials or structures by assembling them at a microscopic or nanoscopic scale, starting from individual atoms or molecules. Instead of shaping a material from larger pieces (top-down), this method builds up layers or components piece by piece, like constructing a structure with tiny bricks. It’s commonly used in nanotechnology and electronics to produce extremely small and precise components, allowing for greater control at the atomic level and enabling the development of advanced devices such as microchips or innovative sensors.