Bose's paper on photon gas

Bose's paper introduced a new way to understand light as a collection of particles called photons, which can behave like a gas. He developed mathematical rules (Bose-Einstein statistics) describing how these photons distribute themselves at different temperatures. This work explained phenomena like blackbody radiation—the electromagnetic energy emitted by hot objects—and laid the foundation for quantum physics. Essentially, Bose showed that photons follow unique statistical laws, helping scientists better understand light's behavior at microscopic scales and leading to technologies like lasers and understanding of fundamental physical processes.