Bose gas

A Bose gas is a collection of particles called bosons, which are particles that follow a rule known as Bose-Einstein statistics. Unlike other particles, bosons can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, leading to unique collective behaviors. When cooled to very low temperatures, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest energy state, forming a Bose-Einstein condensate, a new state of matter. This phenomenon reveals quantum effects on a macroscopic scale, useful in areas like quantum computing and precise measurements. In essence, a Bose gas showcases how particles behave collectively under quantum rules at ultra-cold temperatures.