Boltzmann's H-Theorem

Boltzmann's H-Theorem describes how, in a gas, particles naturally move toward a state of disorder or equilibrium, where their motions become evenly spread out. It uses a mathematical function called H to measure how far the system is from this equilibrium. Over time, collisions between particles cause H to decrease, leading the system to become more uniform and random. This process explains why gases tend to spread out evenly and why natural processes move toward greater disorder, reflecting the second law of thermodynamics. In essence, the theorem shows that disorder tends to increase spontaneously in isolated systems.