Blood Group Serology

Blood group serology is a scientific test used to determine a person's blood type based on the presence of specific proteins, called antigens, on the surface of red blood cells. The main blood groups are A, B, AB, and O, and each can be Rh-positive or Rh-negative, depending on another protein called the Rh factor. Knowing blood groups is crucial for safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy, as mismatched blood can cause serious health issues. The testing process involves mixing a blood sample with antibodies that react with specific antigens to identify the blood type.