Blood buffer systems

Blood buffer systems help maintain a stable pH in your body, ensuring the blood remains neither too acidic nor too basic. The main buffer system involves bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻), which react with excess acids or bases to neutralize them. When acids increase, bicarbonate combines with hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid, which then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide that you breathe out. Conversely, if bases are high, the system helps release hydrogen ions. These mechanisms work together quickly to keep blood pH around 7.35–7.45, essential for normal body functions.