Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)

The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is one of the world's most venomous snakes, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is known for its distinctive gray to olive coloration and its incredibly fast movements, capable of reaching speeds up to 12 mph (19 km/h). The snake can grow up to 14 feet (4.3 meters) long and has a reputation for being aggressive when threatened. Its venom is highly toxic, with a rapid onset, often leading to death if not treated promptly. However, black mambas generally avoid human encounters and prefer to retreat rather than confront.