Bipartite Matching

Bipartite matching is a way to pair elements from two separate groups so that each pairing is mutually compatible or desired. Imagine two sets, like job applicants and job positions, where each applicant is suited for certain jobs. The goal is to assign applicants to jobs without overlaps, ensuring every applicant gets at most one job and each job gets at most one applicant, maximizing the total number of matches. This concept ensures optimal and efficient pairing based on criteria, and is used in areas like job assignment, resource allocation, and network connections.