Biomolecular Condensates

Biomolecular condensates are specialized structures within cells that form when certain proteins and molecules gather together, creating a distinct, droplet-like environment without a surrounding membrane. These condensates organize cellular processes by clustering specific molecules, much like oil droplets mixing in water. They form through a process called phase separation, allowing the cell to efficiently regulate activities like gene expression or stress response. Importantly, they are dynamic—able to assemble and dissolve as needed—enabling cells to respond quickly to changing conditions. Understanding condensates is key to insights into cell function and disease mechanisms.