biological signaling pathways

Biological signaling pathways are systems that cells use to communicate and coordinate actions. When something happens outside a cell, like a hormone or a nutrient binding to its surface, it triggers a cascade of internal events. These signals are transferred through a series of molecules, often through chemical modifications or interactions, ultimately leading to specific responses such as gene activation, cell growth, or movement. These pathways ensure cells respond accurately and efficiently to their environment, maintaining overall health and function within the body.