Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soil (BESS)

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Soil (BESS) refers to the variety of living organisms—such as bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants—within the soil, and the important functions they perform. These organisms help break down organic matter, improve soil fertility, control pests, and support plant growth. This diverse community of life ensures healthy, resilient soils that can sustain agriculture, filter water, and sequester carbon. In essence, BESS highlights how a rich soil ecosystem provides essential natural benefits that support food production, environmental health, and climate stability.