Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, living in a particular area. Ecosystem functioning describes how these living things interact with each other and their environment to support vital processes like nutrient cycling, pollination, and climate regulation. When biodiversity is rich, ecosystems tend to be more resilient and productive because different species contribute uniquely to these functions. In essence, protecting diverse species ensures that ecosystems remain healthy, stable, and capable of providing essential services that benefit all life, including humans.