biodegradation processes

Biodegradation is the natural process where microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down organic materials into simpler substances, such as water, carbon dioxide, and nutrients. This process occurs in the environment when these microbes consume waste, dead plants, or other organic matter, helping to recycle nutrients and reduce pollution. Factors like temperature, moisture, and the material's composition influence the rate of biodegradation. It plays a crucial role in waste management, composting, and the breakdown of biodegradable plastics, ultimately supporting environmental health by transforming waste into useful compounds without leaving harmful residues.