biodegradation

Biodegradation is the natural process by which microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and other microbes break down organic substances into simpler, environmentally harmless compounds like carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. This process helps recycle nutrients in ecosystems and reduces waste accumulation. Materials that are biodegradable can decompose over time when exposed to these organisms, often influenced by conditions like temperature, moisture, and presence of oxygen. Understanding biodegradation is important for managing waste responsibly and developing environmentally friendly products that minimize long-term pollution.