Biochemical mechanisms of toxicity

Biochemical mechanisms of toxicity involve chemicals or substances interfering with normal cell functions. They can cause damage by generating harmful molecules called free radicals, disrupting DNA, proteins, or cell membranes, leading to cell injury or death. Some toxins block essential enzymes, stopping vital processes, while others mimic natural chemicals, confusing the cell. This disruption can impair organ function, induce inflammation, or trigger illness. Understanding these mechanisms helps explain how various substances harm the body at a cellular level, guiding the development of treatments and safety standards to prevent or reduce toxic effects.