Betty Neuman

Betty Neuman was a nursing theorist who developed a holistic model to understand health and wellness. Her theory views individuals as open systems influenced by physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual factors. It emphasizes that health results from a balance between these areas and external stressors—such as illness or life changes—that can disrupt this balance. To maintain health, people need to manage stress and use resources effectively. Nurses, according to Neuman, play a key role in assessing these factors and supporting individuals in maintaining or regaining their stability and well-being.