Bending of light

Bending of light occurs when light passes through different materials or near massive objects, causing it to change direction. For example, when light moves from air into water, it slows down and bends—a phenomenon called refraction. Similarly, around massive objects like stars or black holes, gravity warps spacetime, causing light to follow a curved path. This effect, called gravitational lensing, allows us to see distant cosmic objects more clearly and confirms the influence of gravity on light, illustrating how the fabric of spacetime interacts with electromagnetic waves.