beer production techniques

Beer production involves fermenting malted grains, primarily barley, with water, yeast, and hops. First, grains are mashed to extract sugars, creating a sweet liquid called wort. The wort is boiled with hops for bitterness and flavor, then cooled and transferred to fermentation tanks. Yeast is added to ferment the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, producing beer. After fermentation, the beer is conditioned to develop its flavor, then filtered and carbonated before packaging. Variations in ingredients and process steps influence the beer's taste, aroma, and style.