Beccaria's On Crimes and Punishments

Cesare Beccaria's "On Crimes and Punishments," published in 1764, is a foundational work in criminal justice reform. Beccaria argues against torture and the death penalty, advocating for a fair legal system that emphasizes prevention over punishment. He believes that laws should be clear and punishments proportional to crimes, serving as a deterrent rather than a means of vengeance. His ideas promote rational thinking in law and human rights, influencing modern legal systems by emphasizing the importance of justice and humane treatment, and laying the groundwork for the abolitionist movement regarding capital punishment.