Basque self-determination movement

The Basque self-determination movement seeks to establish greater political autonomy or independence for the Basque Country, a region spanning parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Rooted in a strong regional identity, language, and history, many Basques desire control over their own cultural, economic, and political affairs. The movement ranges from advocating for increased regional powers within Spain to full independence. It has included peaceful political efforts as well as a history of militant activism, notably by the group ETA, which sought independence through armed struggle before disbanding in 2018. The movement reflects complex issues of identity, governance, and historical grievances.