Balkanization

Balkanization refers to the fragmentation of a region or state into smaller, often hostile, units. The term originated from the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe, where the breakup of larger political entities led to the emergence of smaller, contentious nations in the 20th century. This process can result from ethnic, religious, or cultural differences, leading to conflict and instability. Essentially, Balkanization highlights how divisions within a society can weaken it and create barriers to cooperation, often resulting in significant political and social challenges.