Balanced Incomplete Block Design

A Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) is a systematic way of arranging items into groups, called blocks, so that each item appears a specific number of times, and every pair of items appears together in the same number of blocks. This method ensures that comparisons or tests between items are fair and balanced, even when it’s not possible to include all items in every block. BIBDs are used in experimental design and statistics to efficiently study relationships and differences among items without needing to test every possible pairing.