Bakhshali manuscript

The Bakhshali Manuscript is an ancient Indian mathematical text written on birch bark, dating back to around the 3rd to 4th century CE. Discovered near Bakhshali in present-day Pakistan, it contains mathematical calculations, arithmetic, and algebraic concepts, including methods for handling zero, fractions, and square roots. It is considered one of the earliest known works illustrating the development of Indian mathematics, showing advanced numerical techniques and contributing to the foundation of modern mathematics. The manuscript provides valuable insight into the mathematical understanding of that era in South Asia.