Baird's efficiency limit

Baird's efficiency limit refers to the maximum efficiency a heat engine can achieve based on the temperatures of its heat source and sink. It’s derived from thermodynamics and states that no engine can convert all heat from a hot source into work without some waste heat. The limit depends on the temperature difference: the greater the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, the higher the potential efficiency. This principle sets fundamental bounds on real-world engines like power plants and engines, guiding engineers to optimize performance within these physical constraints.