bad breath

Bad breath, or halitosis, occurs when there is an unpleasant odor in the mouth. It often results from bacteria breaking down food particles and dead cells on the tongue, teeth, and gums, producing foul-smelling compounds. Poor oral hygiene, gum disease, dry mouth, certain foods, smoking, and medical conditions can also contribute. Maintaining good oral care—brushing and flossing regularly, cleaning the tongue, staying hydrated, and visiting the dentist—can help prevent bad breath. Addressing underlying health issues is important if bad breath persists despite good oral hygiene.