Bacterial DNA

Bacterial DNA is the genetic material within bacteria, carrying the instructions needed for the bacteria's growth, reproduction, and functions. Unlike in humans, bacterial DNA is usually organized as a single, circular molecule rather than multiple, linear chromosomes. It resides in the cytoplasm, a gel-like interior of the cell, and contains genes that determine traits like antibiotic resistance and metabolism. Some bacteria also have small extra pieces of DNA called plasmids, which can be exchanged between bacteria, spreading traits rapidly. Overall, bacterial DNA is essential for the bacterium’s survival and adaptability.