Bacterial and Viral Pathogens

Bacterial and viral pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce quickly and sometimes produce toxins, leading to infections like strep throat or urinary tract infections. Viruses are smaller particles that need to invade living cells to replicate, causing illnesses such as influenza or COVID-19. While antibiotics can treat many bacterial infections, they are ineffective against viruses. Both types of pathogens spread through various means—touch, air, or contaminated food—and trigger immune responses that can result in symptoms like fever, fatigue, or inflammation. Understanding these pathogens helps in preventing and managing infections effectively.