Backtracking Algorithms

Backtracking algorithms are problem-solving methods that explore possible solutions by trying options sequentially. When a choice doesn't lead to a solution, the algorithm "backs up" or undoes the last step to try a different path. Think of it like solving a maze: you pick a path, follow it, and if you hit a dead end, you backtrack to the previous junction to try another route. This systematic approach helps solve complex problems efficiently by pruning paths that don't work, making backtracking useful for puzzles, constraint satisfaction, and combinatorial problems.