Background Independence

Background independence is a property of a physical theory where the laws do not rely on a fixed, unchanging backdrop, such as space or time. Instead, the geometry of spacetime itself is dynamic, influenced by and influencing matter and energy. This contrasts with theories that assume a fixed stage on which events unfold. General relativity is an example of a background-independent theory because it describes gravity as curvature of spacetime that reacts to mass and energy, rather than relying on a pre-set spacetime framework. This approach aims for a more complete and unified understanding of the universe.