B. pertussis

Bordetella pertussis is a bacterium that causes whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory illness. It spreads through coughs and sneezes, releasing tiny droplets into the air. The bacteria attach to the lining of the airways, releasing toxins that damage cilia—tiny hair-like structures that help clear mucus. This leads to severe coughing fits, which can be exhausting and sometimes dangerous, especially for infants and young children. Vaccination is effective in preventing the disease, and antibiotics can help treat it if caught early. Public health measures aim to control its spread and protect vulnerable populations.