B factories

B factories are specialized particle accelerators designed to produce large quantities of B mesons—particles containing a bottom quark—by colliding electrons with positrons at specific energies. These high-energy collisions allow scientists to study the properties and behaviors of B mesons, including their role in matter-antimatter asymmetry and CP violation, which are crucial for understanding the universe's matter dominance. Facilities like the KEKB in Japan and the PEP-II at SLAC in the U.S. are examples of B factories, enabling detailed experiments that have advanced our knowledge of fundamental physics.