B-cell activation

B-cell activation is a key part of the immune response. When B-cells encounter a specific pathogen, like a virus or bacteria, they recognize parts of it called antigens. This triggers the B-cell to become active, often with help from helper T-cells. Once activated, B-cells start dividing and producing antibodies—special proteins that bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction. These antibodies help neutralize the threat and prevent the infection from spreading further. Some B-cells also become memory cells, ready to respond quickly if the same pathogen appears again.