Avian Anatomy

Avian anatomy refers to the physical structure of birds, optimized for flight and survival. Birds have lightweight bones with air cavities to reduce weight, enabling flight efficiency. Their wings consist of complex muscles and bones that control movement and lift. They possess a beak suited to their diet, a highly efficient respiratory system with air sacs for oxygen circulation, and a strong breast muscle (pectoralis) for wing movement. Birds have unique skeletal features, like a fused collarbone called the keel for muscle attachment. Their legs and feet are adapted for various functions, such as perching, walking, or swimming.