Automatic and controlled processing

Automatic processing involves mental activities that happen quickly and effortlessly, often without conscious awareness, such as reading familiar words or driving a familiar route. Controlled processing requires deliberate focus and mental effort, like learning a new skill or solving complex problems. Essentially, automatic processes feel effortless and happen automatically over time, while controlled processes are intentional and require attention. Both help us navigate daily tasks efficiently: automatic processing handles routine activities, freeing cognitive resources for more demanding tasks with controlled processing.