automated train operation (ATO)

Automated Train Operation (ATO) is a technology that controls train movement without human intervention, using computer systems and sensors. It manages tasks like starting, stopping, speed regulation, and door operations to ensure safe and efficient performance. ATO systems can operate trains under different levels of automation, from supervised to fully autonomous, improving reliability, punctuality, and safety while reducing labor costs. These systems are integrated with signaling and station infrastructure to coordinate train schedules and respond quickly to changing conditions, making urban transit more efficient and customer-friendly.