Australian railway history

Australian railway history began in the mid-19th century, driven by the need to connect colonies and facilitate trade and migration. Initially established using British designs, railways expanded rapidly across urban and rural areas, transforming transportation. Over time, networks became more extensive and integrated, supporting economic growth and settlement. The 20th century saw modernization efforts, including electrification and the introduction of passenger and freight services. Today, Australia maintains a mix of historic lines and modern systems, focusing on efficiency, safety, and sustainable development, reflecting its evolution from colonial beginnings to a vital infrastructure component.