Atmospheric distortion

Atmospheric distortion occurs when light from celestial objects, like stars or planets, passes through Earth's atmosphere and gets bent or scattered. Variations in air temperature, density, and turbulence cause the atmosphere to act like a shifting lens, making objects appear to shimmer, twinkle, or seem slightly out of position. This effect is especially noticeable for objects near the horizon. While it can complicate astronomical observations, astronomers use techniques and equipment, such as adaptive optics, to minimize its impact and obtain clearer images.