Atkinson's drag equation

Atkinson’s drag equation describes how a vehicle’s shape and size, along with the air around it, determine the air resistance or drag force acting on it. This force opposes the vehicle’s motion and impacts fuel efficiency and speed. The equation considers the shape's drag coefficient (how aerodynamic it is), the frontal area (size of the front facing the airflow), the air density, and the vehicle's speed. Essentially, it quantifies how much the vehicle "pushes" through the air, helping engineers design more aerodynamic vehicles to reduce fuel use and improve performance.