Astronomy in the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, astronomy was largely influenced by ancient Greek and Roman ideas and religious beliefs. Scholars studied the stars to understand the universe’s structure, often using instruments like astrolabes and armillary spheres. While some knowledge was preserved from earlier civilizations, theological views sometimes limited scientific inquiry. The Heavens were seen as divine and unchanging, and the Earth at the center of the universe—a view known as the geocentric model—was widely accepted. Despite these limitations, medieval astronomers made important observations and laid groundwork that would later be refined during the Renaissance.